Tattha katamo desanāhāro? “Assādādīnavatā”ti gāthā ayaṃ desanāhāro. Kiṃ desayati? Assādaṃ ādīnavaṃ nissaraṇaṃ phalaṃ upāyaṃ āṇattiṃ. “ Dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pari­yosāna­kal­yāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevala­pari­puṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmī”ti.

Tattha katamo assādo?

“Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa,
tassa cetaṃ samijjhati;
Addhā pītimano hoti,
laddhā macco yadicchatī”ti.

Ayaṃ assādo. (1)

Tattha katamo ādīnavo?

“Tassa ce kāmayānassa,
chandajātassa jantuno;
Te kāmā parihāyanti,
sallaviddhova ruppatī”ti.

Ayaṃ ādīnavo. (2)

Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ?

“Yo kāme parivajjeti,
sappasseva padā siro;
Somaṃ visattikaṃ loke,
sato samativattatī”ti.

Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ. (3)

Tattha katamo assādo?

“Khettaṃ vatthuṃ hiraññaṃ vā,
gavāssaṃ dāsaporisaṃ;
Thiyo bandhū puthū kāme,
yo naro anugijjhatī”ti.

Ayaṃ assādo. (4)

Tattha katamo ādīnavo?

“Abalā naṃ balīyanti,
maddantenaṃ parissayā;
Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti,
nāvaṃ bhinna­mi­vodakan”ti.

Ayaṃ ādīnavo. (5)

Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ?

“Tasmā jantu sadā sato,
kāmāni parivajjaye;
Te pahāya tare oghaṃ,
nāvaṃ sitvāva pāragū”ti.

Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ. (6)

Tattha katamaṃ phalaṃ?

“Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ,
Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe,
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī”ti.

Idaṃ phalaṃ. (7)

Tattha katamo upāyo?

“Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti,
… pe …

“Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti,
… pe …

“Sabbe dhammā anattāti,
yadā paññāya passati;
Atha nibbindati dukkhe,
esa maggo visuddhiyā”ti.

Ayaṃ upāyo. (8)

Tattha katamā āṇatti?

“Cakkhumā visamānīva,
vijjamāne parakkame;
Paṇḍito jīvalokasmiṃ,
pāpāni parivajjaye”ti.

Ayaṃ āṇatti. (9)

Tattha katamaṃ phalaṃ?

“‘Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu,
Mogharājā’ti āṇatti;
‘Sadā sato’ti upāyo,
‘Attānudiṭṭhiṃ ūhacca;
Evaṃ maccutaro siyā’”.

Idaṃ phalaṃ. (10)

Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭi­tañ­ñussa puggalassa nissaraṇaṃ desayati, vipañ­citañ­ñussa puggalassa ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati, neyyassa puggalassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati.

Tattha catasso paṭipadā, cattāro puggalā. Taṇhācarito mando satindriyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti satipaṭṭhānehi nissayehi. Taṇhācarito udattho samā­dhin­driyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti jhānehi nissayehi. Diṭṭhicarito mando vīriyindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti sammap­pa­dhā­nehi nissayehi. Diṭṭhicarito udatto paññindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti saccehi nissayehi.

Ubho taṇhācaritā sama­tha­pubbaṅ­gamāya vipassanāya niyyanti rāgavirāgāya cetovimuttiyā. Ubho diṭṭhicaritā vipassa­nā­pubbaṅ­ga­mena samathena niyyanti avijjāvirāgāya paññāvimuttiyā.

Tattha ye sama­tha­pubbaṅ­gamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, te nandiyāvaṭṭena nayena hātabbā, ye vipassa­nā­pubbaṅ­gamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, te sīha­vik­kīḷi­tena nayena hātabbā.

Svāyaṃ hāro kattha sambhavati, yassa satthā vā dhammaṃ desayati aññataro vā garuṭṭhānīyo sabrahmacārī, so taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. Tattha yā vīmaṃsā ussāhanā tulanā upaparikkhā, ayaṃ sutamayī paññā. Tathā sutena nissayena yā vīmaṃsā tulanā upaparikkhā manasā­nupekkhaṇā, ayaṃ cintāmayī paññā. Imāhi dvīhi paññāhi manasikā­ra­sam­payut­tassa yaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati ­dassa­na­bhūmi­yaṃ vā bhāva­nā­bhūmi­yaṃ vā, ayaṃ bhāvanāmayī paññā.

Paratoghosā sutamayī paññā. Pac­cat­ta­sa­muṭṭhitā yoniso manasikārā cintāmayī paññā. Yaṃ parato ca ghosena pac­cat­ta­sa­muṭṭhi­tena ca yoniso­ma­nasikā­rena ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ayaṃ bhāvanāmayī paññā. Yassa imā dve paññā atthi sutamayī cintāmayī ca, ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññū. Yassa sutamayī paññā atthi, cintāmayī natthi, ayaṃ vipañcitaññū. Yassa neva sutamayī paññā atthi na cintāmayī, ayaṃ neyyo.

Sāyaṃ dhammadesanā kiṃ desayati? Cattāri saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Ādīnavo ca phalañca dukkhaṃ, assādo samudayo, nissaraṇaṃ nirodho, upāyo āṇatti ca maggo. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Idaṃ dhammacakkaṃ.

Yathāha bhagavā—“ idaṃ dukkhan”ti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, sabbaṃ dhammacakkaṃ.

Tattha aparimāṇā padā, aparimāṇā akkharā, aparimāṇā byañjanā, aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti, itipidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

“Ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo”ti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ … pe … “ayaṃ dukkhanirodho”ti me, bhikkhave … pe … “ayaṃ duk­kha­nirodha­gāminī paṭipadā”ti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ.

Tattha aparimāṇā padā, aparimāṇā akkharā, aparimāṇā byañjanā, aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti itipidaṃ duk­kha­nirodha­gāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.

Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti, padehi pakāseti, byañjanehi vivarati, ākārehi vibhajati, niruttīhi uttānīkaroti, niddesehi paññapeti. Tattha bhagavā akkharehi ca padehi ca ugghaṭeti, byañjanehi ca ākārehi ca vipañcayati, niruttīhi ca niddesehi ca vitthāreti. Tattha ugghaṭanā ādi, vipañcanā majjhe, vitthāraṇā pariyosānaṃ. Soyaṃ dhammavinayo ugghaṭīyanto ugghaṭi­tañ­ñū­pugga­laṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu “ādikalyāṇo”ti. Vipañcīyanto vipañ­citañ­ñū­pugga­laṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu “majjhekalyāṇo”ti. Vitthārīyanto neyyaṃ puggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu “pari­yosāna­kal­yāṇo”ti.

Tattha chappadāni attho saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti, imāni chappadāni attho. Chappadāni byañjanaṃ akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddeso, imāni chappadāni byañjanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā “dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pari­yosāna­kal­yāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanan”ti.

Kevalanti lokuttaraṃ, na missaṃ lokiyehi dhammehi. Paripuṇṇanti paripūraṃ anūnaṃ anatirekaṃ. Parisuddhanti nimmalaṃ sabba­ma­lāpaga­taṃ pariyodātaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ sabbavisesānaṃ, idaṃ vuccati tathā­gata­pada­ṃitipi tathā­gata­nisevi­ta­ṃitipi tathā­gatā­rañji­ta­ṃitipi, ato cetaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paññāyati. Tenāha bhagavā “kevala­pari­puṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmī”ti.

Kesaṃ ayaṃ dhammadesanā, yogīnaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano—

“Assādādīnavatā,
Nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca;
Āṇattī ca bhagavato,
Yogīnaṃ desanāhāro”ti.

Niyutto desanāhāro.